Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve located on the floodplains of the Sapta Koshi River in the south-eastern Terai. The Reserve was gazette in 1976 to preserve habitat for the only remaining population of wild buffalo, Arna (Bubalus arnee). The 176 sq-km Reserve is Nepal’s smallest wildlife reserve. The eastern and western embankments of the Sapta Koshi River define the region. In 1987, Koshi Tappu was declared a wetland site of international significance. The buffer zone (173.5 sq-km) of the Reserve was officially declared by our government in 2004 August.

Flora and Fauna

The vegetation is major composed of tall grasslands. Local villagers are permitted to collect thatch grass once a year. The Reserve is important for a variety of wildlife. The only population of wild buffalo is found here. The expected population is around 159 individuals. They are distinguished from domestic buffalo by their much bigger horns and tall posture. The Reserve is also home to a number of species including hog deer, wild boar, spotted deer, blue bull, Gangetic dolphin, Gharial crocodile and the rock python. Over 80 species of fishes have also been founded here.

A total of 441 species of birds have been recorded, of which 14 are endemic. The Koshi Barrage is an extremely important resting place for many migratory birds, including winter and tarns-Himalayan migratory species.

During winter, many of the migratory birds can be seen on the Koshi Barrage and on the river channel. Migration usually peaks around mid March. Much wildlife visits these areas during dusk and down. The clear skies allow for beautiful sights of several Himalayas peaks including Makalu (8,463m) the world’s fifth highest peak.Visitors can go on elephant safari for a closer look of the reserve.